In the early years of life, the neural connectivity of children’s brains is at its maximum. This brain connectivity represents a unique window of opportunity for children’s development. The prolonged activation of stress responses in the body caused by situations such as humanitarian emergencies can threaten the brain’s healthy development and damage neural activity with lifelong negative consequences.

The UNICEF Early Childhood Development (ECD) Kit in Emergencies was created in 2009 to help young children continue to develop their skills even when times are difficult. The kit contains stimulating physical materials for early development and an Activity Guide to support the use of the tool in emergency programming. It is a ‘treasure box’ filled with materials and ideas for learning and fun, creating a safe learning space for young children in stressful situations, including emergencies.

The ECD Kit is a key tool in the UNICEF response to support children in crises. The kit is packed with materials to meet the learning needs of children up to primary school age during and after emergencies. It can also be used in regular learning programmes that support children's development. A single ECD Kit can serve up to 50 children and their caregivers with various supplies, such as toys, games, and books. It is available in light-weight recycled metal or cardboard and for procurement in the UNICEF Supply Catalogue.

The ECD Kit has been reviewed based on two evaluations and through a participatory consultation with UNICEF country offices, partners, and experts, as well as through the support of various consultancies. The new version of the physical ECD Kit primarily targets preschoolers older than three. The accompanying new Activity Guide includes 7 sections aimed at strengthening the engagement of parents and caregivers, the inclusion of children with developmental delays and disabilities, the support of facilitators and community front-line workers, the promotion of more gender-sensitive practices, references to the environment and the need for ECD as a catalytic force for sustainable development, practical tools to create locally made toys (stimulating materials), and tailored kits for children under 3.