The world is alarmingly off-track to deliver sanitation for all by 2030. Despite progress in global sanitation coverage in recent years, over half the world’s population, 4.2 billion people, use sanitation services that leave human waste untreated, threatening human and environmental health. This report presents the state of sanitation in the world today and is intended to increase awareness of progress made towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets for sanitation, and to identify opportunities to meet the challenges that remain. It calls on the Member States of the United Nations system and partners to urgently meet these challenges as part of the Global Acceleration Framework (SDG 6).