This document provides guidance for countries to: develop and strengthen supply chain strategies to receive, store, distribute and manage COVID-19 vaccines and their ancillary products; distribute COVID-19 vaccines from port of entry up to the most remote vaccination sites; ensure the quality, efficacy, proper tracking, reporting of vaccine utilization and safety of COVID-19 vaccines throughout the supply chain; assess, design and implement appropriate waste management mechanisms to safely treat and dispose waste while protecting the environment and populations; strengthen appropriate cold chain and logistics requirements, including reverse logistics; and provide tools to support country readiness activities.