This document provides a brief introduction to the updated COVID-19 Vaccine Introduction Readiness Assessment Tool, referred to as the VIRAT/VRAF 2.0. The tool is provided to support countries in 1) assessing programme readiness to introduce COVID-19 vaccines; 2) identifying gaps and prioritizing actions for enhanced readiness; and 3) identifying opportunities for financial support through the World Bank’s Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) portfolio to help countries optimize vaccine delivery and use.